Solar irradiance above the atmosphere (i.e., in orbit) is 1360 W/m^2. At ground level, it’s 1120, so a loss of ~18% due to the atmosphere.
If transmission losses plus the massive costs of launch, keeping the panels cool (no conduction/convection in space), and maintenance add up to greater than 18%, it’s more efficient on the ground.
For whatever reason, wikipedia seems to have been really pushed down the page on search engines specifically for medical information. It’s a shame because I can acquire the surface level of information (which is all i really ever need) way faster from wikipedia than the other sites that come to the top of the list (mayo clinic, John’s Hopkins, Cleveland clinic, govt sites).
I really shouldn’t complain about it too much, cause they could be pushing pseudoscience blogs.
Just found uBlacklist.
Now to find something for whitelist searches (basically I only ever want recipes or medical information from a small list of sites).
Edit: duckduckgo has the capability built in, too
It’s really the fundamental mistake of thinking “I am a smart person, educated and trained in a specific discipline, and if I apply myself to a field where I’m an outsider, I’ll have a unique perspective that could disrupt the industry”.
There are obviously people who are multidisciplinary, and there are obviously multidisciplinary teams, but you can’t just step into a different discipline as an outside observer and come up with something that isn’t completely full of holes.
People who are good at multidisciplinary collaborations are really good at letting their inexperience show, but that requires a lot of humility. If you drop an MD or a college professor onto a construction site, and have them come up with a list of ways they would improve the process, 19/20 of their suggestions will be obvious garbage to even a new construction worker. The key is to actually bounce those ideas off the people doing the work, and then you get useful stuff. Again, though, that takes humility that is particularly hard to find in academia.
Imagine slamming on the gas in your car. The car lurches forward, pushing your seat into you, and you start to accelerate forward.
As the driver, though, you feel like you are being pushed back into your seat, though it’s pretty obvious that there is no force pushing you back, it’s just the inertia of your body trying to stay put.
The only force in that system is the force of the car accelerating you forward, and the feeling of being pushed backwards is a fictitious force.
It’s the exact same with rotational motion, just trickier to wrap your head around. If you have acceleration, you know there are unbalanced forces, and an object in orbit is constantly accelerating.
You ever wonder why the other billionaires with space companies have actually flown on their companies vehicles and he hasn’t?
I bet he doesn’t let his car autopilot him either.
For most brewing salts, hot water works best to dissolve them. Gypsum specifically works the other way around, where it dissolves best in cold water (retrograde solubility). I always used to just throw the gypsum in before I started heating my strike water, and any other salts after it was hot but before grain.
I’ve only really seen commercially available thermal batteries for heating, but i think it’s absolutely a solvable problem for cooling.
The idea is that you heat (or cool) a large thermal mass when energy is cheap, and then you distribute that heat (or coolness?) later. Water is the obviously easy thermal mass. The math (and usage) is pretty easy for heating since the amount of energy stored is just massspecific heatdelta_T.
For cooling, you can take advantage of the huge amount of energy it takes to freeze water. For example, it takes about the same amount of energy to go from ice-liquid water at 0°C as it does to then heat that water to 80°C. The trouble is that you can’t just pump ice around like you can hot water, so the system has tools be more complicated.
Actually, it’s really the opposite of that. The war wasn’t over States’s rights to allow slavery, it was over State’s rights to disallow slavery. The Kansas-Nebraska act gave states the ability to decide if they wanted it or not, and the racists worried they would get outnumbered by non-slaving states, so they wanted slavery to be mandatory.
It’s becoming increasingly common to have days where the pollution is so bad, you are better off not training, often from wildfire smoke.
I do a poor man’s version of that system. I have my drippers dripping into terra cotta watering spikes.
Pressure compensating drippers seem to only work for me for a season. I’m not sure if they are getting clogged with debris, or just getting damaged from being out in the elements. I recently got drippers that are essentially like little spigots that you can dial up or down, and i end up just tweaking each one until the flow rate is good for all of them (also nice to tailor to each plant). The other benefit of those is that you can just open it all the way to blow out any sediment.
There are 2 main materials for irrigation tubing: polyethylene and vinyl. The main differences between them are that poly is stiffer and harder to bend in tight corners, but it’s probably more durable. Vinyl is (to me) a little easier to work with.
Technically, dark brown sugar will be more acidic, and will therefore require more baking soda to balance it out, though I think that would have minor effects
From what i understand “cottage cheese” is a cheese made from milk treated with rennet, lightly strained, and mixed with a little bit of cream. I’m sure there’s regional variation in the terminology and process.
From like 2 minutes of searching online, I seems like what people call “dry cottage cheese” is basically just what I described. Heat milk, acidify it, and strain. Typically what I do is strain it with a cloth until it’s fairly dry, then I’ll mix back in some of the whey until I get the texture I like.
The fancier version involves fermentation with bacterial cultures to create the necessary acid, but that’s not something you are going to do with a half jug of milk you want to just use up before it goes bad.
Yogurt is super easy to make with any (dairy) milk.
There are some cheeses that are better with unpasteurized milk, but it still works with pasteurized milk. I think most cheeses made with unpasteurized milk are just done that way because the pasteurization is an unnecessary step. Cheeses that are aged long enough have the pathogens die off. In the US, that threshold is 60 days. In the EU, tradition is deemed more important than safety, so there is no waiting period. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12146498/#fsn370409-bib-0006
Homogenization is a challenge for curd formation with some cheeses, but you can counteract it with some extra calcium chloride.
It’s common to add cream to milk to boost the fat content for some cheeses.
You wouldn’t make rennet-based cheeses of the leftovers from a jug of milk, though, cause that’s not enough bang for your buck. I just make what’s essentially like a ricotta. All you have to do is heat it up, and add a little bit of distilled vinegar or lemon juice which cuddles it, and then you strain it through cheesecloth.
Dairy is heavily subsidized in the US. 1 gallon (3.8L) barely costs more than 1/2. Might as well buy the whole gallon and turn what you aren’t going to otherwise use into yogurt or cheese.
Everyone who joins the military ends up with like 6 sets they don’t need, and they end up donating them. Usually you find stuff used, but there’s a decent amount of stuff that ends up sitting on storeroom shelves for a decade before being sold to the civilian population.
Here’s a decent place to buy in the US.
https://www.sportsmansguide.com/
And here’s a spot in the EU.
It’s generally perceived to be better for patient care.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth/48/3/48_3_357/_article/-char/ja/
There are a lot of studies looking into it, though, and it seems like it’s pretty context dependent.
If you like the style of running shoes, but for just walking, and you want something wide, I’d go for altra LP alpine. I mainly like altra cause they don’t squeeze my feet like hokas (and practically every other brand) do.
Lone peak is altra’s top selling trail running/hiking shoe, but they made a hemp/suede casual version that should be pretty durable.
Altra also has the a version of the Torin (a road running shoe) for casual wear that’s all leather, so it’s probably pretty durable, but it’s a little narrower, and i don’t like the styling as much.
Ive never been a “running shoe for casual wear”-person, though, so i haven’t worn either of those.
For slightly nicer looking (or cold weather) casual wear, I have Jim Green boots. They are very comfortable and basically the only boot company that actually makes something that doesn’t squeeze your toes. If you don’t like what they have, look for other boots/shoes made with stitchdown construction. Most nicer boots/shoes use a Goodyear (or similar) welt, which wraps the upper under your foot, making it more narrow. Stitchdown has the upper flip outwards at the midsole, making it wider.
For more casual wear, I have Bedrock clogs. Also super durable/resolable and nice and wide. It doesn’t have any foam underfoot, which i like, but isnt for everyone.